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| Ruby | Ruby is the red type of corundum; this gemstone is the second hardest natural stone recognized by the science. The non-red type of corundum is known as Sapphire. Ruby is believed one of the four precious gemstones, jointly with the Sapphire, the Emerald and the Diamond. The red color in ruby originates from quantity of the element chromium. The best hue of red color for ruby is habitually known as "pigeon blood red", but ruby color could vary from a light pink to a hematic red.
 Ruby was given its name from the word ruber, which is Latin for red color. Natural rubies are extremely rare, but artificial stones (they may be named formed rubies) can be produced rather inexpensively.
Regulated rutile crystal impurities cause a six-spoked-star light impression (called asterism) to shape the popular Star Ruby. Rubies derive from all over the world but high-quality gems are discovered in Thailand, India, Madagascar, Zimbabwe, North Carolina in the U.S., Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Tanzania, Kampuchea, and possibly the most insignificantly, in Burma.
Rubies play a prominent role in science - the primary lasers were created from synthetic ruby crystals. They still are utilized in such function even though other substances propose enhanced effectiveness. Some of the ruby crystals display the luminescence (phosphorescence) that enables a laser working.
Ruby, such brilliant red sort of the multi-colored corundum stones, includes aluminum oxide and chrome plus excellent traces of other elements - it depends on which occurrence it was taken from. In terms of fine colors and high-quality clarity, nevertheless, this gem can be found extremely seldom in the world's mines. Rather ironically, it is in fact the coloring element chrome which is in charge of this rareness. To tell the true, millions of years ago, when the precious stones were being generated deep inside the core of the Earth, it was chrome that was the element which caused magnificent color in the ruby. On the other hand, chrome was also in charge of huge number of fractures and splits inside the crystals. Therefore only a small number of ruby crystals were provided the excellent state where they could cultivate untouched to significant dimensions and crystallize to shape ideal gems. That’s why rubies of more than 3 carats in volume are incredibly rare. So it is no wonder that rubies with only a few impregnations are so precious that in excellent colors and bigger dimensions they attain very high costs at auctions, exceeding even those paid for diamonds in the equal class.
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